Pre-Trip Truck Inspection Procedure – FMCSA Compliant

Use this FMCSA-compliant checklist to conduct pre-trip truck inspections covering critical systems and documentation requirements.

Critical Pre-Trip Inspection Procedures

Follow these structured procedures for specific critical systems to ensure a thorough pre-trip inspection of your commercial truck.

Air Brake Check Procedure (7 Steps)

  • Start engine and build air pressure to governed cut-out (120-140 psi)
  • Turn off engine, release service brakes, and press brake pedal repeatedly to reduce air tank pressure
  • Low air warning devices should activate at approximately 55-60 psi
  • Continue to press brake pedal until spring brakes activate at approximately 20-40 psi
  • Restart engine and build pressure to operational range
  • With brakes released, check for air pressure drop (not more than 2 psi in 1 minute)
  • Apply brake pedal, hold 1 minute, and check pressure drop (not more than 3 psi in 1 minute)

Fifth Wheel Coupling Inspection

  • Check that fifth wheel is securely mounted to tractor frame
  • Ensure fifth wheel plate is well greased
  • Examine locking jaws or locking lever for proper closure
  • Verify release handle is in the locked position
  • Confirm no space exists between upper and lower fifth wheel
  • Check that kingpin is properly engaged in fifth wheel jaws
  • Ensure sliding fifth wheel pins are locked and release arm secure
  • Tug test: Put transmission in low gear and gently pull forward against locked trailer brakes

Tire Inspection Method

  • Check tire pressure with gauge when cold (record all readings)
  • Inspect tread depth using tread depth gauge (4/32" minimum on steering tires, 2/32" minimum on all others)
  • Look for cuts, bulges, and sidewall damage
  • Check for uneven wear patterns (indicating alignment or suspension issues)
  • Ensure valve stems are intact with caps in place
  • Verify dual tires are not touching and no debris lodged between them
  • Examine tires for signs of overheating (melted rubber, tar, or unusual wear)
  • Inspect hub oil seal for leaks (sign of wheel bearing issues)

Cargo Securement Verification

  • Ensure cargo weight is within legal limits and properly distributed
  • Verify cargo is secured using appropriate devices (straps, chains, etc.)
  • Check that securement devices are attached to proper anchor points
  • Confirm adequate number of tie-downs based on cargo weight
  • Inspect condition of all securement devices (no damage or excessive wear)
  • Verify cargo doors, gates, and hatches are properly closed and locked
  • Check for proper blocking and bracing to prevent cargo movement
  • Ensure proper placarding if hauling hazardous materials

FMCSA Regulatory Requirements

Understanding the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) requirements for driver vehicle inspection reports is essential for regulatory compliance and avoiding violations.

49 CFR §396.11 Requirements

  • Drivers must prepare a written post-trip DVIR at the completion of each day's work
  • Report must identify the vehicle and list any defects that could affect safety
  • If no defects are discovered, report must state this fact
  • Driver must sign the report
  • Motor carriers must repair any defects listed on the DVIR
  • Carriers must certify that repairs were made or were unnecessary
  • DVIRs must be kept for at least 3 months from the date they were prepared

49 CFR §396.13 Requirements

  • Before driving, a driver must review the last DVIR
  • Driver must verify that required repairs have been completed
  • Driver must sign to acknowledge they have reviewed the DVIR
  • If defects were noted on the previous report, driver must sign that repairs were completed
  • If no signature from mechanic is present, driver must not operate the vehicle
  • The signed DVIR must be carried on the vehicle

DVIR Documentation Requirements

  • Date of inspection
  • Vehicle identification (unit number, VIN, license plate)
  • Itemized list of components inspected
  • Details of any defects or deficiencies found
  • Driver signature and printed name
  • Carrier name and location
  • Mechanic signature for repair certification (when required)
  • Driver review signature of previous DVIRs

FMCSA Penalties for Non-Compliance

  • Fines of up to $1,000 per violation for DVIR regulations
  • Negative impact on carrier CSA scores
  • Potential "out of service" orders for serious violations
  • Roadside inspection violations that can delay shipments
  • Impact on carrier safety rating
  • Increased liability risk in the event of an accident
  • Increased insurance premiums due to compliance issues